Dressing, sizing, and softening oil



" of benzine.

Patented Feb. 6, 1934 PATENT OFFICE 1,946,332 DRESSING, SIZING, AND' SOFTENIN'G OIL Bruno Rewald, Hamburg, Germany, assignor to Hanseatische Muhlenwerke Aktiengesellschaft, Hamburg, Germany, a joint-stock company of Germany No Drawing. Application April 1'1, 1930, Serial No. 445,230, and in Germany April 20, 1929 7 Claims.

My invention relates to an oil for use in textile manufactures.

In the textile industry, oils are used for treating the fibres, threads or fabrics (i. e. textile materials) and aqueous emulsions of fatty oils and fatty acids are often required as dressing, sizing and softening oils. These emulsionsmust be capable of keeping a long time (i. e. must be quite stable) and should contain no substances which have harmful effects on the fibres.

I Now it has been found that these aqueous emulsions may be made in an advantageous manner by using the phosphatides which are contained in vegetable seeds in abundant quantities, particularly in soya beans from which these emulsions may be obtained very cheaply.

When using emulsions prepared with the aid of vegetable phosphatides, no crusts are formed as isthe case with the media generally used for this purpose; consequently the fibres and the fabric remain quite soft. If they are used during the printing of fabrics the print comes out particularly sharp and clear and the dye does not penetrate. In place of tragacanth which is expensive, it is then possible to use starch which is much cheaper. Furthermore, the dye does not harden in the depressions existing in the fabric, but remains uniformly distributed. Furthermore, the rolls and cutting knives used in the processes are also spared.

For the purpose of making the aqueous emulsions with fatty acids or oils, it is possible to use the soya-bean slush which is obtained by separation from the soya bean oil extracted by means This slush is purified in well known manner with acetone or acetic ether. Moreover the components separating out during this purification are also capable of further use as they consist for the main part of decomposition products of the phosphatides with organically combined phosphorus.

Much purer and therefore much more efficient phosphatides are obtained if the extraction medium used for the hot or cold extraction of the oil and the phosphatides from the soya beans, comprises a mixture consisting chiefly of benzol with an addition of 10-20% alcohol. After the evaporation of the solvent leaving a mixture containing oil and phosphatides, steam is then passed into the mixture thus causing the phosphatides to,

separate out and settle on the bottom. After removal they are then freed from a part of the entrained oil by centrifugal separation and are dried under diminished air pressure by distilling off the water present. This may leave a mixture of about 40-50% phosphatides and -60% oil.

These phosphatides are melted together with suitable fatty acids or oils by heating at a moderate temperature and are emulsified by the'simultaneous addition of small quantities of diluted alkali or soap and vigorous mixing with water. In this way it is possible to obtain emulsions which keep very well. These emulsions will mix with water. in any desired ratio and may be regulated in the desired manner according to the purpose for which intended. They may be completely washed out of the finished product by means of the usual detergents.

The emulsions obtained in this way from fatty oils and fatty acids with vegetable phosphatides and water, may also be mixed with Turkey-red oil and products thereof and when rendered necessary by the particular purpose for which intended, they may also be prepared with an addition of mineral oils.

In order to obtain a fatty acid emulsion suitable for the textile industry, for example, one may melt together at a temperature of 50-60 deg. 0. equal parts of olein and dried phosphatides which have a soya bean oil content of 30% and are obtained by extraction with parts of benzol and 10 parts of 96% alcohol. Then by adding an equal quantity of water, keeping the temperature at 50-60 deg. C. and adding 85 small quantities of dilute soda lye, the mixture is emulsified under vigorous stirring.- When re-' quired for use, this emulsion is diluted with further quantities of water in the desired manner.

Textile oils may be produced not only from 9.0 the phosphatides derived from soya beans but also from vegetable lecithines which are obtained for instance from peas, lupins as well as grains such as wheat, and rye.

I claim:

l. A dressing, sizing and softening oil for tex tiles consisting of an emulsion of .vegetable phosphatides in extracted condition and chemically uncombined, fatty oil, fatty acid and water and: substantially free from the remaining constitu- 100 ents of the vegetable material other than the oil.

2. A dressing, sizing and softening oil fortextiles comprising an emulsion of vegetable phosphatides in extracted condition and chemically uncombined, fatty oil and water.

3. A dressing, sizing and softening oil for textiles comprising an emulsion of soya bean phosphatides in extracted condition and chemically uncombined, fatty oil, fatty acid and water and substantially free from the remaining constitu- 9 ents of the vegetable material other than the oil.

4. A dressing, sizing and softening oil for textiles comprising an'emulsion of soya bean'phosphatides in extracted condition and chemically uncombined, fatty oil and'water.

4 5. A dressing, sizing andsoftening oil for textiles comprising an emulsion of soya bean phosphatides in extracted condition and chemically uncombined, fattyoil, fatty acid, Turkey-red oil and water and substantially free from the remaining constituentsof the vegetable material other than the oil.

6. A dressing, sizing and softening oil for textiles consisting of an emulsion of soya bean phosphatides in extracted condition and chemically 

